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POLYETHYLENE (PE)SPIRALLYENWOUND STRUCTURE-WALLPIPETYPE A (SPIRALLY WOUND PIPE)
ENGINEERINGTECHNICALMANUAL
ABOUT LESSO GROUP
LEOhasetablisdits&Denteitrietifiearhrs.Iopoeesforteatialehese nationallyedidteotetoralsearhtsitalcidbatorey laboratoryforplasticodingprocsingtcholoterriseiuangdongPrincendindustrialtecnginovatilaefor plasticpipinginGuangdongProvince.LESSOnowbastsver30patents(someofthemarepending).Itssientificachieventsre includedntheNatioalTorchProgramProjecttheNationalKeyNewProductstheScientficandTechnologicalAcievementsrootio ProjectintheNatioalConstructiondustryndtheGoverentGreenProcurementListESSOasbenawardedmanyoorariy relevantnatioaldepartmentssuchastheNtialaufacturingldividalCampionDmonstrationEnterprisethNatioalItelectal PropertyDemonstrationEnterprise,theChinaConstructionScienceandTechnologyIdependentInnovationAdvancedEnterpriseandthe IndustrializatonDemonstrationBaseofthenistryofConstructioIthasonnumerouspriesncludingteFistPrizeforSiicad TechnologicalPogressfteCinaatioaLigtustrouciltFirstizfoentfidThologialrogesoftstf EducationofPRCtheFirstPrizeforScientficandTechnologicalProgressintheGuangdongProvince,theFirstPrizeforTecological InventioninGuangdongScienceandTechnologAward,theExcelenceAwardofChinaPatentAward,theHonorableMentionAwardf China Quality Award,and the Guangdong Provincial Government Quality Award.
LESSOprovidesover10Ooproductsasamanufacturerwithacomprehensiverangeofhomefurnishingsandbuildingmaterials.hese productsarewidelyappliedindiversefieldssuchashomedecoration，civilconstruction，municipalwatersupply，drainage，energy managementdilfiatd
Truetoitsrandsloganof“EnvisioningtheBeter，BuildingtheFuture”,anditsbrandcommitmentof“SustainingaHealthyandBeautiful Space",Smismdtrooeittebstructidliotseati featuringgreitdyiifcttytatedi andbeautifulspaces wherepeoplecanenjoy happinessandstayhealthyanytimeand anywhere intheirurban lives.
CohesionandDrivers for Progress
JOINHANDS,FORGEAHEAD
ChinaLessoGroupHoldingsLimited(StockName:ChinaLeso,StockCode:0228.HK)isalargeindustrialgroupofhomefurishings andbuildingmaterialsinChina.ChinaLesso’sbusinessportfoliospansplasticpipingbuildingmaterialsandhomefurnishings, environmental protection,new energy,supply-chainservice platformsand others.
Contents
POLYETHYLENE(PE)SPIRALLYENWOUND STRUCTURE-WALLPIPETYPEA (SPIRALLYWOUND PIPE) ENGINEERING TECHNICALMANUAL
Preface... 01
Product Feature... 02
Product Application.… 02
Product Introduction 02
Product Physical and Mechanical Indicators... 03
Supporting Fittings.. 03
Pipe Connection and Construction Technology... 04-08
Comparison with Concrete Pipe.. 09
Construction Technolog. 10
Design.... 11-13
Constructio.... 13-15
Inspection.... 16
LESSO
Foreword
Polyethylene(PE)spirall enwoundstructure-wallpipetypeA(spirallywoundpipe)producedbyourcompanyiscommonly knownas HDPEspiralyenwoundreinforcedholow-wallpipe.Thepipeisprimarilymanufacturedfromhigh-densitypolyethyene(PE)resinwith necessaryaddives.Itisformedbyspiralweldingofpolyethylenematerialsbetweenpreformedpolyethylenesquarepipes.Inaditionto thecharacteristdassodoasohalldl thepipeehibitsexelentingtifsoodstrengthdtoug,ligtightandesistancetamaguetialow "-shaped"structure.hepipehassmoothinerandouterwallsurfaces,andistypeAstructure-wallpeinthenationalstandard PolyethyleneStructure-WallPipingSystemsforUndergroundUsage-Part2:PolyethyleneSpirallEnwoundStructure-walPipes (GB/T19472.2).Thepipedevelopedbyourcompanycanadoptavarietyofconnection methodssuchas electrofusionweldingtape connection,heatsrinapeetionndsketigpusoectionchaneetteedsofirentoction environments.Asamature product,PEspirallyenwoundstructure-wallpipetypeA(spirallywound pipe)has beenwidelyused internationaly for a long time and has also been rated asa recommended product in China.
LESSO
Product Features
PEspirallyenwoundstructurewalpipestypeA(spiralywoundpips)arelassfiedasflexiblepipesndteirpipewalsaturean "-shaped"structure that conforms to mechanical principles.The product hasthe following remarkable features:
1. High strength,as well as good compressive and impact resistance;
2.Good setement resistance,and simple foundation treatment process;
3.Sothiondatecitsied diameter concrete pipes;
4.Thepipescanbeconnectedbyelectrofusiontapes,heatshrinktapes,orgasketringpuson.Thejintshavenoleakagetoprevent secondarypollution;
5.Withgoodrososisaetepseotetibetoroonywaeasewaterncalsoaing substances in the soil;
6.Withexcelentwearresistance,thepipesaremorewearresistantthansteelpipesandcementpipesprovidingalongersevicelife;
7.The construction of the pipes is convenient,with minimal constraints from seasons,temperatures,and regions;
8.Thepipesareligtweht,asytoandendonvenntfoonstructioOnlecavatorisededfelingioutgale equipment,ensuring lowcomprehensive project costs.
Product Applications
1. Underground sewage discharge and rainwater drainage in municipal construction
2.Irrigation and drainage pipe networks in farmlands,orchards,and forest belts;
3.Low-pressurewaterconveyance,waterlogingdrainage,andflood-dischargepipenetworksinwaterconservancyprojects
4.Ventilation in mines and buildings;
5.Chemical wastewater discharge pipe networks
6.Overall processing of pipe manholes and chemical containers,etc.
Product Introduction
1.The product is produced in accordance with the national standard GB/T19472.2-2017;
2.The company mainly produces products with ring stifness grades of SN4,SN6.3,SN8,and SN12.5;
3.The product color is generally black,or as agreed between the supplier and purchaser;
4.The pipe length is generally ^ { 8 m } ,orasagreed between the supplier and purchaser;
5.The specific product specifications and sizes are shown in the following table:
| Size Specif- ication | Minimum Average Inside Diameter di | Size Specif- ication | Minimum Average InsideDiameter di |
| 200 | 195 | 1100 | 1085 |
| 250 | 245 | 1200 | 1185 |
| 300 | 294 | 1300 | 1285 |
| 350 | 344 | 1400 | 1385 |
| 400 | 392 | 1500 | 1485 |
| 450 | 441 | 1600 | 1585 |
| 500 | 490 | 1800 | 1785 |
| 600 | 588 | 2000 | 1985 |
| 700 | 673 | 2200 | 2185 |
| 800 | 785 | 2400 | 2385 |
| 900 | 885 | ||
| 1000 | 985 |
Specifications of Pipewith Gasket Ring Push-on Connection
| Specification | MinimumAverage InsideDiameterdi | RingStiffness |
| 200 | 195 | SN4/8/12.5 |
| 300 | 294 | SN4/8/12.5 |
| 400 | 392 | SN4/8/12.5 |
| 500 | 490 | SN4/8/12.5 |
| 600 | 588 | SN4/8/12.5 |
| 700 | 673 | SN4/8/12.5 |
| 800 | 785 | SN4/8/12.5 |
LESSO
Product Physical and Mechanical Indicators
| Item | PerformanceIndicators | |
| RingStiffness,kN/m2 | SN4 | ≥4.0 |
| SN6.3 | ≥6.3 | |
| SN8 | ≥8.0 | |
| SN12.5 | ≥12.5 | |
| True Impact Rate TIR/% | ≤10 | |
| RingFlexibility | The specimen is smooth,without reverse bending or rupture. The tear starting from the cut of the rib of the specimen is allowed to be less than 0.075 DN/ID or 75mm (the minimum value is taken) | |
| Longitudinal Reversion | ≤3%,and the pipe has no delamination or cracking | |
| CreepRatio | ≤4 | |
Supporting Fittings
Thesupportinfitinsanbeustomdccodingtotespecificeirementsostomers,iuingebostesadleto manholes,andotherfittingsatvariousangles.
LESSO
Pipe Connection and Construction Technology
CommonconnectionmethdsforEspirallenwoundstructurewallpesTypeA(spiralywoundpipes)incudeelectrofusionweldingtape conectionattdiiartt pipes,electrofusion welding tapeandheatshrink tapeconnectionsareoftenused.Generallyforsmal-diameterpipes ( \mathsf { D N } < 5 0 0 ) ,heatshrink tapeconnection iscommonlyapplied,and for pipeswith DN \scriptstyle 1 >=slant 5 0 0 ,electrofusionwelding tapeconnectionisadopted.
Electrofusion Welding Tape Connection
1.WorkingPrincipleofConnection
The best connection for PE pipes is achieved by heating and melting thesame PE materials to create homogeneous jointing.The electrofusion welding tape connection is designed based on this principle.The working principle of electrofusion weldingtape connection is to energize the electrothermal elements pre-embedded in the connector,making them heatand meltto connect the pipes together.
2.Construction of Electrofusion Welding Tapes
Specialelectrofusionweldingmachinesandother auxiliary tools are used for the construction of electrofusion welding tapes.
3.1Preparethetoolsforconnection.
3.2 Check whether the pipes and welding tapes are damaged.
3.3 Remove impurities and align the pipes: a. Clean the impurities,and water vapor on the outer surface of the pipes to be connected and the inner wall of the welding tapes. b.Align the pipes horizontally.
3.4Fasten the welding tape: a. Wrap the connecting part of the pipes tightly with the welding tape,ensure the connection end wrapped inside the circle,and insert PE rods from both sides to fill the gaps at the ends of the welding tape. b.Wrap the welding tape with the steel buckle strap and tighten it securely with clamps to make the tapeclosely adhere to the pipe wall.The edges of the steel buckle strap should be aligned with those of the welding tape.
3.5 Fusion welding: Connect the clips at the output end of the electrofusionweldingmachineto theconnection head ofthe welding tape; set the time and voltage on the electrofusion welding machine,and perform the fusion welding according to the operating procedures.When the fusion welding is completed, remove the connection lineclipsand tighten theclamps byabout 1/2 turn.
3.6 Cooling:After the fusion welding is completed, the power supply isautomatically disconnected forcooling.The cooling time is generally about 20 minutes in summer and about10 minutes in winter.Do not use water for cooling. During cooling, the fusion welding of the next joint can be carried out.After cooling,open the steel buckle strap and observe the fusion welding condition.
3.7 When using organic solvents to remove impurities,care should be taken to avoid injuring the skin,and fire prevention should also benoted.
3.8 Ensure that flammable substances are kept away from heating devices to prevent fires.
3.9 It is not advisable to carry out fusion welding in rainy,snowy or wet environments.
3.10 Pay special attention to whether there are impurities，and moisture on the pipe connectingpartsand the electrofusion welding tapes.If so,they should be cleaned up before fusion welding.
| Item | Standard | Applications | Others |
| generator | (for DN1200 and above) | 220/380V | |
| Eletric | 5.5mm² | Transmit current to theing trotien | Ruber-wire |
| suckle | Steel buckle strap: Used for DN500 and above | wClaimg tpe. | |
| Clamps | Clamp the welding tape. | The clampscan beused continuously for multiple times. | |
| Cleaning | Pure cotton material | Remove impurities fromting parts. | Old towe s,et. |
| Eletoh machine | PE20ing matrofusion | Control parameters pipe connection. | AC220V/380V |
| Others | SPreventceletis. |
LESSO
4.Precautions for Electrofusion Welding Tape Connection
4.1Checkwhethrthrearesortircuitandlakagpenomenintheiresandetherthequalityofthiresathmeetsteadards.
4.2Ensuretaterofusieigaselyndccuratelacdtoe;hisititeiait
4.3Ensurethateectrofuswelingasistaldndatedntpeld;eietoectictio
4.4Prevent electricshockandstrictlyfolow thesafetyoperation proceduresforfusion weldingtoprevent electricshocks.
5.Operation of the Electrofusion Welding Machine
5.1Connecttothepowersupplyandconfirmthattheinputvoltageistheworkingvoltageof theelectrofusionweldingmachine.
5.2Closethepowerswitchandcarefullysettheweldingcurrentandweldingtimeaccordingtotheambienttemperatureandpipediameter
5.3Afterthepreparationwork iscompleted,re-confirmwhetherthe welding parametersarecorrectbefore welding.
5.4Connectthutputlineampsoftheelectrofusionweldingmachintothetoterminalsoftheectrofusioweldingtap.Startthefusion weldingandobservethecurrntrangeoteinstrumentduringtheweldingprocesstoconfimwhethertheconductionandfusionweldin are normal.
Welding Parameter Table for Electrofusion Welding Tape
| PipeDiameter (DN) | Current Range (A) | WeldingTime (S) | Cable≥mm² |
| 300 | 19 | 520 | 6 |
| 400 | 19 | 520 | 6 |
| 500 | 32 | 720 | 6 |
| 600 | 33 | 720 | 6 |
| 700 | 33 | 780 | 6 |
| 800 | 34 | 780 | 10 |
| 900 | 34 | 810 | 10 |
| 1000 | 34 | 840 | 10 |
| 1100 | 34 | 900 | 10 |
| 1200 | 35 | 920 | 10 |
Notes:
1.The welding time is setatan outside temperature of 3 0 ^ { \circ } \mathsf { C } For every change of ( ± ) 5 ^ { \circ } { C } in the ambient outside temperature, please increase ordecrease the correspondingwelding time by 5 0 { \mathsf { s } } / { \mathsf { 5 } } ^ { \circ } { \mathsf { C } } . Select the appropriate working voltage before starting themachine,and operateinaccordancewith the parameter table. The actual welding parameters shall be determined based on the construction site conditions.
2.The above welding parameters are for reference only for the Tianjin CHV electrofusion welding machine specified by our company. Equipment model: DRD-350
| PipeDiameter (DN) | Current Range (A) | Welding Time (S) | Cable≥mm² |
| 300 | 19 | 520 | 6 |
| 400 | 19 | 520 | 6 |
| 500 | 32 | 720 | 6 |
| 600 | 33 | 720 | 6 |
| 700 | 33 | 780 | 6 |
| 800 | 34 | 780 | 10 |
| 900 | 34 | 810 | 10 |
| 1000 | 34 | 840 | 10 |
| 1100 | 34 | 900 | 10 |
| 1200 | 35 | 920 | 10 |
| 1300 | 36 | 920 | 10 |
| 1400 | 36 | 960 | 10 |
| 1500 | 36 | 990 | 10 |
| 1600 | 37 | 990 | 10 |
| 1800 | 38 | 1020 | 10 |
| 2000 | 39 | 1020 | 10 |
| 2200 | 39 | 1140 | 10 |
LESSO
6.Socket-Seal Ring Connection
Gasketringpushonconnectionisacommonmethodforpipeconnection.Thisconnectioneliminates theneedforon-sitewelding greatly speeds up the connection process,and allows for the instalation ina waterlogged environment.
(1) Prepare relevant tools for pipe connection.
Several straps,1 gasket ring,cleaning cloth,lubricant,2 tighteners,and gloves
O # 辦 #
(2) Checkwhether there isdamageat the socket-spigot position of the pipe,and clean the impurities at the connection position of the socket-spigot to ensure the cleanliness of the connecting surface.
(3)Install the gasket ring at the spigot,and mark the socket-spigot connection depth.
Install the gasket ring on the spigot.
Mark the socket-spigot position line on the spigot
LESSO
(4) Apply the lubricant to the inner wall of the socket of the pipe and the outer wall of the gasket ring.
Note:
The lubricant must not be applied to the outerwall of the pipe or the inner surface of the gasket ring.It can only beapplied to the outer surface of the gasket ring and the sealing teeth.For the insertion position of the pipe end,if the lubricant has been applied,it must be cleaned thoroughly before installing the gasket ring.
Apply the lubricant to the sealing teeth on the outer edge of the spigot gasket ring.
(5)Use the tighteners on both sides of the socket-spigot position of the pipe to push the spigot of the pipe evenly into the socket.
(6)After the connection is completed, remove the tightenersandcheck the connection status.
Connection completion status is as shown above.
LESSO
Heat Shrink Tape Connection
1. Heat Shrink Tape
Aheatshrink tapeis composedofareinforced fibershrinkable material(made fromcross-linked polyolefin HDPEand reinforcedfibers),oteltdesiendinstalationaccessories.Wenconectingpipes,teatshrinktapeisfiedith stainless steel clips or plastic locks.Its main characteristics areas follows:
(1)Thereinforcedfibershrinkablematerialhashighmechanicalstrengthandpenetrationresistance,whichcanffectively resist the impact of crushed stones during backfiling;
(2)The hot-melt adhesive with high bonding strength can effectively ensure the tightnessof the joint.
(3) The construction operation is simple and easy.
2.ConstructionMaterialsandTools
Themain materials for heat shrink tape connectionare the supporting heat shrink tape and PE sealing tape. The construction tools are the gas cylinder for heating, gas spray gun,or gas-cutting heating tool composed ofoxygen-acetylene.
3.Connection of Heat Shrink Tapes
(1)Thoroughly clean the moisture,sediment,and other impurities at the connection ends,and roughen the surface ofthe connection endswitha wire brush.Align the connection ends of the two pipes.(Requirement: The end face of the pipe should be perpendicular to the pipe axis.If the deviation is too large,it can be cut and trimmed.The maximum misalignment of the two end faces should not exceed 5mm,the maximum gap should not exceed 1 0 \mathsf {mm } and the height from the bottom should not be less than 2 5 0 \mathsf {mm } , ）
(3)Heat the shrink tape evenly from the center to both sides until it conforms to the surface contour of the pipe and there ismoltenadhesive overflowing from both sides.
(2) Ignite the gas and adjust the gas valve to make the flame turn pure blue.Uniformly preheat the connection ends of the pipes to be connected (the distance between the spray gun and the pipe is preferablyabout 1 0 0 \mathsf {mm } untilthey feel hot(about 7 0 ^ { \circ } { C } )
(4) Cool thoroughly,and the connection is completed. (Reference cooling time:30 minutes in summer and 20 minutes in winter)
LESSO
Comparison with Concrete Pipes
Theroughnesscoeficientofconcretepipesis0.014,andthatofPEspirallyenwoundstructure-wallpipes typeA(spirallywound pipes)isO.01.Thus,thewaterconveyancecapacityofPEspirallyenwoundstructure-wallpipestypeA(spirallywoundpipes) canbe increasedbyabout 40 % compared with that of concrete pipes with the same inside diameter under the same use conditions.Thecorrspondingrelationship betweentheinsidediametersofPEspirallyenwoundstructure-wallpipes typeA (spirallywound pipes)and concrete pipes with the same designed flow rate is shown in the folowing table.
| No. | InstrcturTa Wound Pipe)(mm) | InsideDiameterofRemaceableConcretePipe |
| 1 | 600 | 800 |
| 2 | 800 | 1000 |
| 3 | 1000 | 1200 |
| 4 | 1200 | 1400-1500 |
| 5 | 1500 | 1600-1800 |
| 6 | 2000 | 2500 |
| 7 | 2500 | 3000 |
| Pipe Performance | PESpirally Enwound Structure-wall Pipe TypeA (SpirallyWound Pipe) | Concrete Pipe |
| Material type | Flexible pipe | Rigid pipe |
| Structuralcharacteristics | It can deform and move without damaging thestructurewhen loaded | Theamount of deformationunder load isextremely small |
| Connection method | Electrofusion welding tape connection, and heat shrink tape connection | Plain end connection,and socket-spigot connection |
| Water tightness | Good integration and sealing ensure no leakage in the pipe,and prevent groundwateroutside the pipe from entering. | Poor sealing makes the joints highly prone to water leakage, whichwill cause secondary pollution to the environment. |
| Construction features | With good flexibility,it has low requirements forfoundation treatment.The construction is not limitedbyseasonsand temperatures. It exhibits good bendability,and is lightweight and easy to install. | With high rigidity,it has high requirements for foundation treatment. Bending parts are difficult to handle,and transition connections with other pipes are challenging.It is heavy and also requires more supporting construction tools and auxiliary equipment. |
| Field management | Lightagty | Pontrutmantieytaae |
| Usage characteristics | It ensures high system operational safety after installation,and allows for simple and convenient maintenance through the electrofusion method. | It results in lower system operational safety after installation.Pipe maintenance requires complete replacement,which involves a large amount of work. |
| Service life | Up to 50 years | About 20 years |
LESSO
Design Theory and Laying Conditions of Pipes
PE spirall enwound structure-walpipestypeA(spirallywound pipes)areclasifiedasflexiblepipes.Whenbearingloads,they candeformandmovewithoutdamagingthestructure.Whenapipedeforms,theloadistransferedtoandbornebythebacfil material,forminganintegralstructureiichteipeandtesilacttogeter.Concreteipesfallintotetegrofrigid pipes,andareusualyregardedasanindependentload-bearingstructure.Theloadtheybearistransmitedtothebeddinglayer throughtheirpipewals.Inengineeringapplications,thecompactness ofthepipe botom bedding layerandbackfllsoil determinestheload-bearingcapacityofthe"pipe-soil"systemandtheradialdeformationrateofthepipe.Therefore,itis required that the backfill soil reaches the specified compactness (generally 9 5 % to ensure the safe operation of the pipe.The followingfigureshowstheresponseofthepipetotheloadandtheinteractionbetweenthepipeandthebackfillmaterial.
LESSO
Design
1.General Specifications
1.1Theplanepostioandelevationofplasticdrainagepipesshouldbedeterminedcomprehensivelyconsideringfactorssuchasterain soil qualitygroundwaterlvel,roadconditions,planedudergroundfacities,pipeayout,ndonstructionoion.
1.2The designed service life of plastic drainage pipes should not be less than 5O years.
1.3Plasticdrainagepipesshouldbedesignedfornon-presuregravitflowandthestructuralcalculationofthepipeshouldbaied out according to the design theory of flexible pipes.
1.4The calculatedcentralangle (2α)of the arc shaped soilorsand-gravel bedding of the pipeshould bereduced by 3 0 ^ { \circ } based on thedesignedcentralangleofthearcshapedsoilorsand-gravelbedding.Thedesignedcentralangleoftearcshapedsoiledding or sand-gravel bedding of the pipe should not be less than 1 2 0 ^ { \circ }
1.5Plasticdainageipesallotadoptaiidddingfoundationanditistrictlyprobitedtusigidpilestodiectlyort the pipes.
1.6Forplasticdrainagepipeswithconcreteprotectiveencasementstructures,theconcreteprotectivestructureshouldbeaallexteral loads and shallbe continuously encapsulated for the entire pipe section between manholes.
2.Pipe Layout
2.1Therelativepositiosetweenplasticdainagepipsandoterudergoundpipes,uiing,tructuresetcsouldmeetfoloing regulations:
2.1.1Whenaasticainagepipeisamaged,itoudotfecthefoundatiosofarbyblingsanucturesooaate drinkingwater.
2.1.2 Plastic drainage pipes should not be directly buried in vertical overlap with other utilities pipelines.
2.1.3Plastic drainage pipes should notbe advisable topass underthe foundationsof buildings orlarge-scale structures.
2.2Thehorizontalleardistanceandverticaleardistancebetweenplasticdrainagepipesandotherundergroundpipesshouldcomplywith therelevantregulationsofthecurentnationalstandards:CodeforDesignofOutdoorWastewaterEnginering(GB5o014)andCodefor DesignofBildingWaterSuplyandDrainage(GB50015).Thehorizontalcleardistancebetweenplasticdrainagepipesandtheexternal walls of buildings and structures should meet the following regulations:
2.2.1 When the nominal diameter of the plastic drainage pipe is not greater than 3 0 0 \mathsf {mm } ,the horizontal clear distance should not be less than 1m.
2.2.2Wenthenominaldameterofteplasticdrainagepipeisgreaterthan3Omm,therzontalcleardistanceshouldnotbelssthan2m.
2.3Plasticdrainageppesshouldbelaidbelowthesilfrostline.Undersidewalks,tesoilcoverthicknessabovethepipetopshouldnotbe less than 0 . 6 \mathsf { m } .Under roadways,the soil cover thickness above the pipe top should not be less than 0 . 7 { \mathsf { m } }
2.4Theminimumpipediameterandcorespondingminimumdesignslopeformunicipalplasticdrainagepipesoutsideresidentialuarters shouldcomplywith theprovisionsinthetable,andtheminimumpipediameterandcorresponding minimumdesignslopeforplastic
drainage pipes inside residential quarters should meet the provisions in the table.
| Pipe Type | Minimum Pipe Diameter (mm) | Minimum Design Slope |
| Sewage pipe | 300 | 0.002 |
| Rainwater (combined) pipe | 300 | 0.002 |
| Pipe Type | Pipe Laying Position | Minimummm) | DeMinimumpe | |
| Domestic drainage pipe | Branch pipe | Within the green beltaround the buildings or beneath the community branch roads | 160 | 0.005 |
| Sewage pipe to septic tank | - | 200 | 0.007 | |
| Main pipe | Main roads in the community | 200 | 0.004 | |
| Rainwater drainage pipe | Gutter inlet connecting pipe | Around the buildings | 200 | 0.010 |
| Branch pipe | Main roads in the community | |||
| Main pipe | Around the buildings Main roads in the community | 160 300 | 0.003 0.003 | |
LESSO
2.5Plasticdrainagepipesystemsshouldbequippedwithmanholes.Manholessouldbeinstaledatpipejunctions,hangesinpipediection alterationsinpipeameterorsopedroppointsdatcrtainnteralsalongstraightpieectios.emaiumspacingofols along straight pipe sections should comply with the provisions in the table.
| Nominal Diameter DN (mm) | Maximum Spacing (m) | |
| SewagePipe | Rainwater(Combined) Pipe | |
| DN≤200 | 20 | 30 |
200| 40 | 50 | |
500| 60 | 70 | |
800| 80 | 90 | |
1000| 100 | 120 | |
1500| 120 | 120 | |
| DN>2000 | 150 | 150 |
3.Hydraulic Calculation
3.1Theflowvelocityandthe discharge inplasticdrainage pipescanbecalculatedaccording tothefolowing formula:
Where:
\boldsymbol { { Q } } （204號(hào) Discharge ( m ^ { 3 } / \mathsf { s } ) ;
A -Wetted cross-sectional area ( \mathsf { m } ^ { 2 } )
U Flow velocity (m/s); Pipe wall roughness coefficient;
n Hydraulic radius (m);
R Hydraulic slope.
I
3.2Theselectinoftheppealloughnescoeficet(n)forplasticdrainageppesshouldeeterminedthroughcompreensiveanaly basedontestdatawithvaluesrangingfromO.Oo9toO.O11.Intheabsenceoftestdataitisadvisabletotakethevalueof0.011.
3.3The maximum design flow velocity for plastic drainage pipes should notbe greater than 5 . 0 { m / s } Theminimum design flow velocity for sewage pipesshould notbe lessthan 0 . 6 { m / s } under the design filing grade.The minimum design flowvelocity for rainwater pipes and combined drainage pipes should not be less than 0 . 7 5 { m / s } under full flow conditions.
4.Pipe Structure Design
4.1Theclaiftofladctioracterisictoseprsatisipateftst pipeshouldallcomplywiththerelevantregulationsoftecurentnationalstandard:StructuralDesignCodeforPipelinesofWater Supplyand Waste Water Engineering (GB50332).
4.2Thevariableactionloadsonplasticdrainagepipesshouldincludegroundvehicleloadsandheapedloadsactingon thepipes.Vehicle loadsandheapedloadssouldotbonsidredimaeouslyndtheloadwitgreaterefectsouldbselected.Theicleload level shouldbedeterminedbasedonactual traffic conditions.
5.Foundation Treatment 5.1Plasticdrainagepipesshouldbelaidonnaturalfoundations,andthecharacteristicvalueoffoundationbearingcapacity \binom { f _ { a k } } { \ l } should not be less than 60kPa.
5.2Whenlayingplasticdrainagepipesinthecaseofunfavorablegeologicalconitions,thefoundationshouldbetreatedinaccordance with the foundation treatment specifications before pipe laying.
5.3Whenlayingplasticdrainagepipesinsiteswithighgroundwaterlevelsandhghsoilfluiditythegeotextilesshouldelaidalongthe trenchbotomandlopsonbothsidesforprotectioniftereispossibityoflssoffinegrainedsolpartisaroundtheipend the density of the geotextiles should not be less than 2 5 0 { { g } } / { { m } } ^ { 2 }
5.4Ifthefoundatiostfessdifrssignificantlinteaelangsectioeplacementofteddinglayeoherefectieaure shouldbeadoptedtoreducethediferentialsettlementofplasticdrainagepipes.Thethicknessofthebeddinglayershouldbe determined according to site conditions,but should not be less than 0 . 3 m
LESSO
6.Backfill Design
6.1Thebeddingoflasticdrainagepipesshouldbeconstructedwithmedium-coarsesandorfinegravelarcshapedsoil.edimensionsof the arc shaped soil bedding above the pipe bottm should be determined according to the pipe structural calculation.The thickness of theartificialacshapedsoilbeddingbelowthepipebottomcanbealculatedaccordingtothefolowingformulaandsouldnotbe greater than 0 . 3 m
hd ≥0.1(1+ DN)
Where:
hd —Thickness of the artificial arc shaped soil bedding below the pipe bottom (m); DN— Nominal diameter of the pipe (m).
6.2 The compaction degree of backfill soil at positions more than _ { 0 . 5 m } above the top of plastic drainage pipes should be determined according to the corresponding sites orroad design requirements,and should notbe less than 90 % The backfill soil atvarious positions less than 0 . 5 \mathsf { m } above the pipe top should comply with the provisions in the table.
Compaction Degree of Backfill Soil,and BackfillMaterials forTrenches
| Backfill Position | Compaction Degree (%) | BackfillMaterials | |
| Pipe bedding | Pipe bottom bedding | ≥90 | Medium sand,and coarse sand |
| Efgictiangeothe pte | ≥95 | ||
| Both sides of the pipe | ≥95 | Mediumsnd,coarsed, crushedstones,sand and gravelwithamaximum particlesize lessthan40mm, or suitable undisturbed soil | |
| Within 0.5mabove the pipe top | Both sides of the pipe | ≥90 | |
| Upper part of the pipe | ≥85 | ||
| 0.5m to 1.0m above the pipe top | ≥90 | Undisturbed soil | |
Note:The compaction degree of backfill soil shallbe expressed as a percentage relative to 100 % of the maximum dry density obtained from the light compactior standard test unless otherwise specified in the design requirements toadopt the heavy compaction standard.
6.3When plastic drainage pipes are connected to manholes,a transitionsection should be set between the manholefoundationandthepipe foundation.Thelengthofthe transitionsection shouldnotbeless than1timethe pipe diameter,and should not be less than 1 . 0 \mathsf { m } .Forplasticdrainage pipeswith large diameters,pressure relief or decompression components should be considered to be set on the top of the pipes.
Construction
1.General Provisions
1.1Whencomplistructigatiosifasticanaeseigstf,tchcfiatedt compactiondegree,andtheconditionsoftheundisturbedsoilonbothsidesofthepipeshalbeveriedaccordingtothemaximum alowablesoilcoverthicknesabovethepipetopspecifiedinthedesign.Ifanydiscrepancywiththedesignrequirementsisfound,a requestfordesignmodificationorcorespondingtechnicalmeasuresshallbeimplementedtoensurethepipeload-bearingcapacity.
1.3Beforeconnectingpasticdranagepestomanoles,tefoundatioattebotomofthemanolesalfrstbaccepted.Ifisfound thatthefoundatioedisturbederecavatedoakedinaterrterearefavoablfoudatiososlste manholeconnection constructioncanonlybecariedoutafter treatmenttomeet the design requirements.
1.4Duringthelyingandbackilingofplasticdrainagepipe,thereshallbnowateaccumulationorfreezngatebottomoftetrench. Inareaswherethegroundwaterlevelisigherthantheelevationofthebottmoftheexcavatedtrench,thegroundwaterlevelshallbe lowered to at least 0 . 5 \mathsf { m } below the lowest point of the trench bottom.
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2.Material Transportationand Storage
2.1The transportation of plastic drainage pipes shall comply with the following provisions:
2.1.1Theyshallandlditarendsallotonoppd,olled,aggedechaicalipentidfor hoisting, non-metallic ropes (straps) shall be used for hoisting.
2.1.2Theysalleacdrzotallrintraspratioandsaloudndfieditmetalicsstraps)ee sharpprotrusionsthatmaydamage thepipesat thestackingplaces,andsunprotectionmeasuresshalbetakenifappropriate.
2.2The storage of plastic drainage pipes shallcomply with the following provisions:
2.2.1Theyshallbestoredinaelventiatedwareouseorshedandkeptawayfromeatsource;sunprotectionmeasuressalletaken for outdoor storage.
2.2.2Theyarestritlyproibiedfrombeingstoredtogetherithilsoremicalsandtorageareasshalleequippdifirepetion measuresand fire-fighting facilities.
2.2.3Theyshallbeackedorzontallonflatsupprtsorthegound.Pipeswitsocketssalbstacedalteratelyatbothedswitha height not exceeding 3m,and safety measures to prevent collapse and pipe deformation shall be taken.
2.2.4Theyshalbetordeparatelyodingtoientspeifcatios,esndtsndtfistinfirstutpripleal be observed.
2.2.5Pipesandfitingsshouldnotbestoredforalongtime,andthestoragetimeinthewarehouseshouldnotexceed18monthsfromthe date of production.
3.Trench Excavationand Foundation Treatment
3.1Theexcavatioidthattettomfechfolasticdranaepipesshallmettsigqirements.Ifnospecificidthisie it can be calculated according to the following formula:
Where: B （204 Excavation width at the bottom of trench for the pipe (mm); D Outside diameter of the pipe (mm); b Width of the working surface on one side of the pipe (mm) can be selected according to the following table.If a drainage ditch is required at the bottom of the trench,b1 shallbe increased according to the requirements of the drainage ditch; b _ { 2 } Thickness of the support on one side of the pipe can be taken as 150mm to 2 0 0 \mathsf {mm }
| Outside Diameterof the PipeD1 (mm) | WidthofWorkingSurfaceonOneSide of thePipeb1 (mm) |
| D≤500 | 300 |
500| 400 | |
1000| 500 | |
1500| 700 | |
3.2Thedistancefromthepositionofteside-stackedsoilfteplasticdrainagepipetrenchtotheedgeofthetrenchmouthshouldnot be less than 1 . 0 \mathsf { m } ,and the height of thestacked soil should notexceed 1 . 5 \mathsf { m } #
3.3Theexcavatiooftelasticanagepipetrechsalltrictlyontrolteelevatiooftfoundationandtdisturbdt foundation shall not be disturbed.The undisturbed soil 0 . 2 \mathsf { m } \mathsf { - } 0 . 3 \mathsf { m } above the designed elevation of the foundation shall be manually cleanedtothedesignedelevationbeforepipelaying.Incaseofover-excavationordisturbanceofthefoundation,naturallygraded sand-gravelmaterialsorcrushedstoneswithamaximumpartilesizeoflessthan40mmshalbeadoptedforlevelingandcompaction Thecompactindegreshallmtheequirementsofthebdingcompactiondegreeandnomscellneoussoilshallbeuedfor backfiling.Iftherearesharpandhardobjectsatthebottomofthetrench,theymustberemovedandbackfiledwithsandgravel for treatment.
3.4Thefoundationoftheplasticdrainagepipeshalmeetthedesignrequirements.Iftestrengthoftenaturalfoundationofthepipe cannot meet the design requirements,it shall be reinforced according to the design requirements.
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3.5 The foundation treatment of plastic drainage pipes shall comply with the following provisions:
3.5.1Forgeneralsoil,a 1 5 0 {mm } medium-coarse sand bedding shallbe laid on the undisturbed soil foundation below the pipe bottom.
3.5.2Forsoftsoilfoundations,ifthebearingcapacityoftefoundationislessthanthedesignrequirementortebearingcapacitofthe foundationsompromiseduetoonstructiodewateringverexcavationothereasonsthatafectendisturbdil,te foundation shallbereinforced according to the design requirements.After reaching the specified bearing capacitya 1 5 0 {mm } mediumcoarse sand bedding shall be laid.
3.5.3Whenthebotomofthetrenchisfleditocksorardjects,ththiknesofthelaidmediumcoarseandbeddingshalotbe less than 1 5 0 {mm }
4.Pipe Installation
4.1Thepipelowering methodshallbedeterminedaccordingtothediameterof theplasticdrainagepipe,thetrench,andthe constructionmachineryWhenpipesareloweredmanualy,strap-typenon-metalicropesshallbeusedtosmthlysidethepipe intothetrench,andthepipeshallnotberoledintothetrenchfromthetopofthetrench.Whenmechanicalloweringisadopted strap-typenon-metalicropesshallbeemployedforhoistingandthereshallbenolessthantwolitingpointsduringhoisting. Through-the-borehstingisnotalowed,andtheloweringintothetrenchshallbestablewithoutimpactingthetrenchwalote trench bottom.
4.2 Wheninstalingplasticdrainagepipes,thespigotshalbeintedirectionofwaterflow,andthesocketshallbeagainstthe directionofwaterflow.Theinstalltionshouldbecarredoutfromthedownstreamto theupstream insequence.Rigidcushion blocks shall not be used on both sides of the pipe for pipe stabilization.
4.3Duringconstructionin terainyseasonorinareaswithahighgroundwaterlevelforplastcdrainagepipes,measurestopreventthe pipesfromfloatingshallbetaken.Ifthepipesaresoakedinwaterafterinstallaionbutbeforebackfling,thepipecenterandthe elevationofthepipebottmshallbere-measuredandvisuallispected.Ifdisplacement,floating,ormisalignmentarefound reworkshall be carried out.
4.4 Whentheconstructionofplasticdrainagepipesandroadconstructionarecarredoutsimultaneously,iftesoiloverthickness abovethepipetopcannotmeetthestandardrequirements,thecomprehensivedeformationmodulusvalueof tesoilonthepipe sideshallbecheckedaccordingtothemechanicalloadof theroadsubgradeconstruction,andtheflowingreinforcement methods can be adopted according to actual needs:
4.4.1Forplasticdrainagepipeswithanominaldiameterlss than120omm,themethodofrstcompacting thesubgradefollowedby excavationforpipelayingcanbeadopted.Ifthefoundationstrengthcannotmetthedesignrequirements,thefoundationhallbe treated first,and then excavated forpipe laying.
4.4.2Forthebackfilingoftherenhonthepipeside,materialswithargedeformationmodulussuchassand-gravel,igh(medium) calcium flyash,and lime-flyash soil can beused.
4.4.3 The above two reinforcement methods are carried out simultaneously.
5.Trench Backfilling
5.1Aftertheplasticdrainagepipsarelaidandpasstvisualispectionthtrenchbackflingsalaiedoutimmeatelyefe thetightnesstest,eceptfortheexposedjointparts,thebackflingheightonbothsidesofthepipeandabovethepipetopshould notbeless than O.5m;after the tightness testis qualified,theremainingpartsshallbe backfilledin time.
5.2Beforebackfilngthtrenchsalbeispected.Thereshalbenoateraccumulationintetrenchndimpurisuchasicks stones,and wood blocks shall be removed.
5.3Trenchbackfilngshallbecardoutsymmetricallyandevenlfromothsesoftepipatthesametieanditalured thattheplasticdrainagepipedoesnotshif.fnecessarytemporaryrestraintsshallbetakenforthepipetopreventitfromfloating.
5.4Whenbcfirsticiceotodcial notcontainstones,bricks,orotherimpurities.
5.5Therangeofthedesignedcentralangleofthepipebedingoftheplasticdrainagepipesallbefiledandcompactedwithmediumcoarsesand,whichshallbeinclosecontact with thepipewa,andnosoilorothermaterialssallbeusedforiling.
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5.6Backfilloackfimatealsallasportdittrehymetricalyoodesofthadlote directly backfilled onto the plastic drainage pipe toavoid damaging the pipe and its joints.
5.7Whenthetrenchissupportedbysteesepils,testeesepilsnolyepuedoutafterthacilngeacstespecifid height.Aftertesteelstrepldttevossalbbcfildintimeandfildtigtensadisusedfofiter canbeusedforcompaction.Whentherearerequirementsfortheimpactonthesuroundingenvironment,simultaneousgroutingduring pileremovalcanbeadopted.
5.8The backfiling construction in the pipe area of plastic drainage pipesshallcomply with the following provisions:
5.8.1Fromthebeddingareaofthepipebottomto0.5mabovethepipetop,manualbackfilngandcompactionwithlightcompaction equipment must be adopted,and mechanical backfilling with bulldozers is not allowed.
5.8.2Backilimaismerlliefcfie backfilling and compaction are forbidden.
5.8.3 When mechanical backfiling and compaction are adopted for the area more than 0 . 5 \mathsf { m } above the pipe top,they shall be carried out evenly from both sides of the pipe axis at the same time.The soil must be compacted and rolled.
Inspection
1.Tightness Test
1.1Sewagesnateagebddwatersinlsiblelpasiilndcsdst undergo a tightness test,and they can be put into operation only after passing the test.
1.2Thetightnestestofplasticdrainagepipesshalberedoutinsectionsaccoringtothedistanceetwenmanolesandelenth ofeachtestsectionshouldnotexceed5consecutivemanholespans,andthetestshallbecarredutwiththemanholesincluded.
1.3The tightnesstest of plastic drainage pipes may be performed using the water-tightness test method.
1.4During the tightnesstestof plastic drainage pipes,visualinspection should reveal no obvious water sepage.
1.5Themaximum allowable water seepage of the pipe shallbecalculated according to the following formula:
Qs = 0.0046d
Where: Q _ { s } Maximumallowablewater seepage [ \mathsf { m } ^ { 3 } / 2 4 \mathsf { h } * \mathsf { k m } ] d Inside diameter of the pipe (mm).
2.Deformation Test
2.1Afterthtrenchackflingofthepasticranageereachsthdsinelevationteverticaldameterdformatioofeieal bemeasured within12h-24h,and the pipe deformation rate shall be calculated.
2.2When the inside diameter of the plastic drainage pipe is less than 8 0 0 \mathsf {mm } ,the deformation of the pipe can be detected by methods suchasacircularmandrelorclosed-circuitelevision;whentheinsidediameteroftheplasticdrainagepipeisOommormoremanual detection inside the pipe can be adopted,and the measurement deviation shall not exceed 1mm.
2.3The deformation rate of the plastic drainage pipe shall not exceed 3 % ；ifitexceeds,the following treatmentmeasures shallbe taken:
2.3.1When the pipe deformation rate exceeds 3 % but does not exceed 5 % ,the following measures shall be taken:
2.3.1.1 Excavate the backfillsoil to expose 8 5 % of the pipe,and the area within 0 . 5 \mathsf { m } around the pipe shall be excavated manually;
2.3.1.2 Inspect the pipe,and if damage is found,repair or replace it;
2.3.1.3Usebackfilmateralstatanetthmpactidgreerementsandackfillandmpactaccdingto
compactiondegree;
2.3.1.4 Re-detect the pipe deformation rate until it meets the requirements.
2.3.2 When the pipe deformation rate exceeds 5 % ,the pipe shallbe excavated,and the design organization shall be consulted for treatment.
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\* This catalog has been prepared as a support guide.Under no circumstance shall LESSO assume any liability or responsibility with the information in this catalog. Every effort has been made by LESSO to provide accurate and up to date information.
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